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Bovine Vitamin A and E Normal Ranges

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Reference Table

Vitamin A Adult Liver100-200 ppm ww
Serum0.3-0.7 ppm
Newborn (1-9 days old)Liver14-36 ppm ww
Serum0.18-0.23 ppm
Vitamin EAdultLiver4.0-9.0 ppm ww 
Serum3.0-10.0 ppm
Newborn (1-9 days old)Liver3.0-6.0 ppm ww 
Serum0.8-1.2 ppm

Important considerations

  • Age of animal is required to properly assess vitamin status.  
  • Vitamin status of aborted/stillborn calves is not diagnostically useful. Vitamin A and E are poorly transported across the placenta, so the calf is completely reliant on good quality colostrum as its source of vitamins. The amount of vitamin A and E that dam have stored in her liver in late gestation will influence the amount of vitamin A and E that will be in the colostrum. Vitamin A is only stored in the liver for 2-4 months when sources are adequate. Vitamin E is only stored for a few weeks when sources are adequate. Therefore, ensuring supplementation and high-quality feed for cows throughout gestation is important to prevent deficiencies in calves. If vitamin status is a concern in the herd, please submit serum from the dam(s). 
  • Vitamins are light sensitive; samples must be protected from light to prevent falsely low numbers.