Source: Mineral Levels in Animal Health – 2 nd Edition (R. Puls, 1994)
Equine
Adult Horse Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Serum
Trace Mineral Sample Concentration Cobalt Serum >0.25 ppb (>0.00025 ppm) Copper Serum 0.5-2 ppm Iron** Serum 0.84-2.57 ppm Magnesium** Serum 18-35 ppm Manganese** Serum 0.5-2 ppb (0.0005-0.002 ppm) Molybdenum Serum 0.05-0.5 ppb Selenium** Serum 0.14-0.25 ppm Blood 0.17-0.25 ppm Zinc Serum 0.47-1.70 ppm ** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Adult Horse Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Liver (wet weight basis)
Trace Mineral Concentration Cobalt — Copper 4.0-7.5 ppm Iron 100-300 ppm Magnesium 130-200 ppm Manganese 1.0-6.0 ppm Molybdenum — Selenium 0.3-1.0 ppm Zinc 40-125 ppm
Caprine
Adult Goat Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Serum
Trace Mineral Sample Concentration Cobalt Serum Based on bovine data: 0.9-15 ppb Copper Serum 0.8-1.20 ppm Iron** Serum 1.3-2.3 ppm Magnesium** Serum 20-35 ppm Manganese** Serum Based on bovine and ovine data: Bovine: 0.006-0.70 ppmOvine: 0.08-0.51 ppm Plasma >0.03 ppm Molybdenum Plasma Based on bovine and ovine data:Bovine: 0.01-0.10 ppm Ovine: 0.01-0.7 ppm Selenium Serum 0.08-0.2 ppm Ovine whole blood: 0.120-0.50 ppm Zinc** Serum 0.65-2.70 ppm Blood 1.4-2.82 ppm Notes:** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Adult Goat Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Liver (wet weight basis)
Trace Mineral Concentration Cobalt Based on bovine and ovine data: Bovine: 20-85 ppb Ovine: 30-90 ppb Copper 25-150 ppm Iron 50-130 ppm Magnesium 130-220 ppm Manganese 2.0-6.0 ppm Molybdenum Based on bovine and ovine data:Bovine: 0.14-1.40 ppm Ovine: 0.4-6.0 ppm Selenium 0.25-1.20 ppm Zinc 25-120 ppm
Ovine
Adult Sheep Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Serum
Trace Mineral Sample Concentration Cobalt Serum Based on bovine data: 0.9-15 ppb Blood 0.15 ppm Copper Serum 0.7-2.0 ppm Iron** Serum 1.66-2.22 ppm Magnesium** Serum 20-35 ppm Manganese** Serum 0.08-0.51 ppm Blood 0.02-0.025 ppm Molybdenum Serum 0.001-0.050 ppm Plasma 0.01-0.7 ppm Selenium Serum 0.08-0.4 ppm Blood 0.120-0.50 ppm Zinc** Serum 0.8-1.2 ppm Notes:** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Adult Sheep Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Liver (wet weight basis)
Trace Mineral Concentration Cobalt 30-90 ppb Copper 25-100 ppm Iron 30-300 ppm Magnesium 118-200 ppm Manganese 2.0-4.5 ppm Molybdenum 0.4-6.0 ppm Selenium 0.25-1.5 ppm Zinc 30-75 ppm
Bovine
Adult Cattle Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Serum
Trace Mineral Sample Concentration Cobalt Serum 0.9-15 ppb Blood 0.15 ppm Copper* Serum 0.6-1.5 ppm Iron** Serum 1.3-2.5 ppm Magnesium** Serum 18-35 ppm Manganese** Serum 0.006-0.07 ppm Blood 0.07-0.09 ppm Molybdenum Serum 0.01-0.10 ppm Plasma 0.08-10 ppm Selenium** Serum 0.07-0.3 ppm Blood 0.2-1.2 ppm Zinc** Serum 0.8-1.4 ppm Notes: * Copper in blood will decrease when liver stores become depleted (approx. ≤10 ppm ww). Therefore, normal blood copper does not rule out copper deficiency. ** Hemolyzed samples will result in falsely high concentrations.
Adult Cattle Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Liver (wet weight basis)
Trace Mineral Concentration Cobalt 20-85 ppb Copper 25-100 ppm Iron 45-300 ppm Magnesium 100-250 ppm Manganese 2-6 ppm Molybdenum 0.14-1.40 pm Selenium 0.25-0.50 ppm Zinc 25-100 ppm
Adult Bison Trace Mineral Reference Ranges – Liver (wet weight basis)
Trace Mineral Concentration Cobalt Based on bovine data: 20-85 ppb Copper 25-100 ppm Iron 45-300 ppm Magnesium 100-250 ppm Manganese 2-6 ppm Molybdenum Based on bovine data: 0.14-1.40 ppm Selenium 0.25-0.50 ppm Zinc 25-100 ppm
